cost concept

The first chapter discusses the concept of operation cost of a transportation ship, its structures, characters, apportions, and describes its arising environment and growth tendency.

第一章主要讨论营运船舶运输成本，对船舶运输成本的概念、结构、性质与分摊、成本细分进行了分析，从宏观上阐明了船舶运输成本的生存环境和生长趋势；

Opportunity cost is also called alternative cost, which is an important concept in economics.

西方经济理论提出了机会成本这一概念，它让人们意识到一项活动的真实代价或称为经济代价。

The effect is faint on cost concept . Neglect partnership of cost and benefit.

这种方式的后果之一就是成本费用观念淡漠,忽视成本效益配比.

Based on the characteristic of Soft-technology, value evaluation on alternative of decision is studied by using theory of value analysis in this paper. Also, the concept of cost of alternative ( or policy cost) is discussed.

本文运用价值分析思想，根据软技术特点，研究了软技术方案的价值评价问题，提出了软方案成本（政策成本），软方案效果等概念。

The key of changing cost calculating way is the change of traditional cost concept.

企业要适应经济环境的变化,必须及时更新传统的成本观念.

This article is its gradual achievement. Firstly, this article introduced the concept of alternative cost in Brand Economics. Through improving and utilizing Hotelling Model, the analysis indicated that the overseas cigarette manufacturers have the brand superiority, which will raise their market share gradually.

本文首先引入品牌经济学的选择成本的概念，通过对博弈论Hotelling模型的改进和运用，分析表明国外卷烟厂商在竞争中所具有的品牌优势会逐步提高其市场占有率。